出场人物：申雨平，北京外国语大学教授。钱钟书先生的这篇散文说的是窗子，但是其用意绝不仅仅是说说窗子而已，而是要以窗子来比喻生活、比喻人生。从语言上看，《窗》延续了一贯的钱派手法，用词平实、普通，没有长句，没有什么复杂结构，非常从容地叙述、说理，却又紧紧地扣住了主题。这样的特点对翻译构成的难度不言而喻，翻译中应当时时充分考虑上述特点，尽量在译文中体现出来。

窗

Random Thoughts on the Window

又是春天，窗子可以常开了。春天从窗外进来，人在屋子里坐不住，就从门里出去。不过屋子外的春天太贱了！到处是阳光，不像射破屋里阴深的那样明亮；到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风，不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气。就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托。我们因此明白，春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子。

It is spring again and the window can be left open as often as one would like. As spring comes in through the windows, so people--unable to bear staying inside any longer--go outdoors. The spring outside, however, is much too cheap, for the sun shines on everything, and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house. Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere, but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house. Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off. It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame.

同时，我们悟到，门和窗有不同的意义。当然，门是造了让人出进的。但是，窗子有时也可作为进出口用，譬如小偷或小说里私约的情人就喜欢爬窗子。所以窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅是有没有人进来出去。若据赏春一事来看，我们不妨这样说：有了门，我们可以出去；有了窗，我们可以不必出去。窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜，把风和太阳逗引进来，使屋子里也关着一部分春天，让我们安坐了享受，无需再到外面去找。

At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window. Of course, doors were made for people to pass through; but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exit, and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels. In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits. When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way: a door makes it possible for one to go out, whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to. A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature. It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house. It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside.

     所以，门许我们追求，表示欲望，窗子许我们占领，表示享受。这个分别，不但是住在屋里的人的看法，有时也适用于屋外的来人。一个外来者，打门请进，有所要求，有所询问，他至多是个客人，一切要等主人来决定。反过来说，一个钻窗子进来的人，不管是偷东西还是偷情，早已决心来替你做个暂时的主人，顾不到你的欢迎和拒绝了。

The door, as a symbol of desires, allows one to pursue; the window, as a symbol of enjoyment, allows one to occupy. This difference not only applies to those who live in the house, but also to those who come in from outside. When a stranger knocks on the door with demands or enquiries, he is at most a guest, and everything awaits the owner of the house for a decision. On the other hand, he who sneaks into the house through the window, whether intending to steal property or steal love, has already made up his mind to act, temporarily, as the owner. He has no time for your words of welcome or rejection.

 世界上的屋子全有门，而不开窗的屋子我们还看得到。这指示出窗比门代表更高的人类进化阶段。门是住屋子者的需要，窗多少是一种奢侈。屋子的本意，只像鸟窠兽窟，准备人回来过夜的，把门关上，算是保护。但是墙上开了窗子，收入光明和空气，使我们白天不必到户外去，关了门也可生活。屋子在人生里因此增添了意义，不只是避风雨、过夜的地方，并且有了陈设，挂着书画，是我们从早到晚思想、工作、娱乐、演出人生悲喜剧的场子。

Despite the fact that every house in the world has a door, we still see houses that have no windows. This indicates that the window represents a more advanced stage of evolution than the door does. Doors are a necessity, whereas windows are more or less a luxury. Like birds' nests or beasts' dens, houses are essentially meant for man to dwell in, and doors are there for protection. Windows, however, take in light and air, enabling one to stay inside and live on--even if the doors are closed. So the house takes on a greater significance in man's life, for it is no longer just a shelter from winds and rains, nor is it just a place to spend the night. Furnished and decorated with pictures and scrolls of calligraphy, the house now serves as a place for man's thinking, working, and recreation, and also a stage on which the tragedies and comedies of life are performed.

门是人的进出口，窗可以说是天的进出口。门的开关是由不得你的。但是窗呢？你清早起来，只要把窗幕拉过一边，你就知道窗外有什么东西在招呼着你，是雪，是雾，是雨，还是好太阳，决定要不要开窗子。上面说过窗子算得奢侈品，奢侈品原是在人看情形斟酌增减的。

While doors are an entrance or exit for man, windows are an entrance or exit for the heavens. Whether a door stays open or closed is not a matter of choice. But a window is a different matter. When you get up in the morning and pull open the curtain, you know right away what it is that beckons to you from beyond--snow, fog, rain, or bright sunshine--and this determines whether or not you will open the window. A luxury, yes, but the existence of luxuries depends only on man's view of the circumstances he is in.

眼睛是灵魂的窗户，我们看见外界，同时也让人看到我们的内心；眼睛往往跟着心在转。我们跟带黑眼镜的人谈话，总觉得捉摸不住他的用意，彷佛他以假面具相对，就是为此。歌德恨一切带眼镜的人，说他们看得清楚他脸上的皱纹，但是他给他们的玻璃片耀得眼花缭乱，看不出他们的心境。

They say that the eyes are the windows of the soul. With the eyes we see the world, and at the same time they let others see our inner selves--the eyes communicate the movements and turnings of the heart. That's why it's always difficult to figure out the intentions of someone wearing dark glasses. It seems as if we are talking to someone wearing dark glasses. It seems as if we are talking to someone wearing a mask. Goethe hated everyone with glasses, saying that they could see the wrinkles on his face, while the dazzling glare of their lenses would prevent him from seeing what was in their minds.

 窗子许里面人看出去，同时也许外面人看进来，所以在热闹地方住的人要用窗帘子，替他们私生活做个保障。晚上访人，只要看窗里有无灯光，就约略可以猜到主人在不在家，不必打开了门再问，好比不等人开口，从眼睛里看出他的心思。

A window likewise allows those who are inside to see outside, and also allows outsiders to see inside. That is why those who live in bustling areas need to draw their curtains to protect their privacy. When visiting friends at night, there's no need to wait until the door is opened to ask if they're at home. You only have to look at the windows to work out if they are there. Similarly, you don't need to wait for a man to open his mouth to work out what's on his mind--you can see that from his eyes.

关窗的作用等于闭眼。天地间有许多景象是要闭了眼才看得见的，譬如梦。假使窗外的人声物态太嘈杂了，关了窗好让灵魂自由地去探胜，安静地默想。有时，关窗和闭眼也有连带关系，你觉得窗外的世界不过尔尔，并不能给予你什么满足，你想回到故乡，你要看见跟你分离的亲友，你只有睡觉，闭了眼向梦里寻去，于是你起来先关了窗。

Shutting a window works in the same way as closing one's eyes. There are many things that can be seen only with the eyes closed. Dreams, for instance. If outside there is too much noise and excitement, closing the window will make it easier for the soul to engage in free exploration and quiet contemplation. Sometimes closing the eyes is connected to shutting the windows: when you feel that the world outside is so commonplace and unrewarding that you want to go back to your hometown and see relatives and friends from whom you have been long parted, all you have to do is shut the windows before you go to sleep, and close your eyes before you dream.

 因为只是春天，还留着残冷，窗子也不能整天整夜不关的。

But the windows still cannot be left open all day and all night long, since it is still spring, and still cold.

二、逐句分析：

窗Random Thoughts on the Window

（题目中的这个窗字，包含的意思较为丰富，使人有多种联想，因此译成Random Thoughts on the Window。）

又是春天 It is spring again

中文是无主句，英文没有这样的句子结构，因此用It is...句型。原文里“又”用在句首，但是英文如果也把again放在句首，这个词就太突出，分量太重了。所以again一词在译文中放在句末和原文“又”放在句首分量相当。

窗子可以常开了 and the window can be left open as often as one would like

用定冠词the 加单数名词window来代表所有的窗子。英语里表示“全部”可以有几种方法：1）复数名词，2）不定冠词a/an+名词，3）定冠词+名词。这里就是用的第三种，更侧重其一致性。“常开”不能译成can open often或can be opened often。因为原文是从人的角度说的，人们什么时候想开窗都行，所以用了one would like这样的说法。

春天从窗外进来  As spring comes in through the windows

这句把春天拟人化了，英文也用同样的结构就行。窗外：out of the window。但是，如果把“从窗外进来”理解成一个过程，用through表示就比较好。

人在屋子里坐不住，就从门里出去 so people--unable to bear staying inside any longer--go outdoors

破折号之间的形容词短语说明人们在屋里坐不住的原因。bear：忍受，后面既可跟-ing动词，也可跟不定式动词。

不过屋子外的春天太贱了 The spring outside, however, is much too cheap

这里的“贱”，是说春天多阳光，以多为贱，中外同理，用cheap也就顺理成章了。

到处是阳光 for the sun shines on everything

这里和上一句是连接在一起的，所以用了连接词for来说明原因。最好不要译成the sunshine is everywhere。因为阳光并不是一种存在，而是说照耀在所有的一切上面，因此说shines。

不像射破屋里阴深的那样明亮 and so does not seem as bright as that which shoots into the darkness of the house

用seem是指屋里屋外阳光是一样的，只是环境的反差使阳光显得不同罢了。as...as是表示屋里屋外阳光的比较。that指the sun。

到处是给太阳晒得懒洋洋的风 Outside the sun-slothed breeze blows everywhere

这里加了一个词outside，因为后面马上要说到的“屋里”并不包括在“到处”一词里；“晒”字英文里与之相当的词就是shine，但是shine并没有带复合宾语的用法，所以换了一个角度来说这句话。sun-slothed是一个复合词。

不像搅动屋里沉闷的那样有生气 but it is not so lively as that which stirs the gloominess inside the house

沉闷这个词在这里不是形容词，而是名词，所以用gloomy加上词尾-ness构成了表示状态的名词。

就是鸟语，也似乎琐碎而单薄，需要屋里的寂静来做衬托 Even the chirping of the birds sounds so thin and broken that the quietness of the house is needed to set it off

说thin and broken而不说broken and thin只是因为语音的关系，音节少的词放在前面，多的放在后面，结构上显得平稳，不至于头重脚轻。只要把这几个词连在一起朗读一下就可体会出来。

我们因此明白，春天是该镶嵌在窗子里看的，好比画配了框子 It seems that spring was always meant to be put behind a windowpane for show, just like a picture in a frame

“我们因此明白”译成It seems...，因为这是一种比喻的说法，直译成英文会给人以突兀的感觉，所以用“似乎如此”的说法。be meant to be的意思是“原本为......”，加了always等于从语气上与原文更相符合，并没有特别具体的含义。中文说“窗子里”，而英文却不能说in a windowpane，windowpane指的是窗子上的玻璃，这就是用behind的原因。

同时，我们悟到，门和窗有不同的意义 At the same time it also becomes clear that the door has a different significance from the window

悟到和上一句中的“明白”是相同的意思，it become clear that 这一说法比it seems that 要肯定一些。

当然，门是造了让人出进的 Of course, doors were made for people to pass through

出进可以译成to come out and go in，但译成to pass through就显得句子紧凑、精炼一些。

但是，窗子有时也可作为进出口用 but a window can also sometimes serve as an entrance or as an exit

entrance和exit这两个词比door和window抽象化了，充分表明了“进出口”的字面意思和含义。

譬如小偷或小说里私约的情人就喜欢爬窗子 and is used as such by thieves and by lovers in novels

译文用了by thieves and by lovers，而不说by thieves and lovers，因为这本来就是两类人，不能放在一起混为一谈。

所以窗子和门的根本分别，决不仅是有没有人进来出去  In fact the fundamental difference between a door and a window has nothing to do with them being either entrances or exits

比较一下different between和前文的different (from)：说两者之间的区别，用different between A and B；而说A怎样不同于B则说A is different from B。

若据赏春一事来看，我们不妨这样说 When it comes to the admiration of spring, it could be put this way

When it comes to是比较中庸的说法，不那么正式，但也不那么随意，意思是“说起赏春......”，让人们对下文有一个期待。

有了门，我们可以出去 a door makes it possible for one to go out

“有了门”不能译成with a/the door，因为这里不是说有还是没有，而是有门存在，人们就可以进出房屋。

有了窗，我们可以不必出去  whereas a window makes it possible for one not to have to

Whereas而......。这是一个连接词，表示一种前后的比较或对照。这里的句型和上面是一样的，但是后面的not to have to 是不定式的否定形式，后面省略了go out。

窗子打通了大自然和人的隔膜 A window helps to pull down the partition between man and nature

“由于有了窗子，人和大自然之间的隔膜才得以打破”，窗子起的是一种促进作用，其本身并不能去“打破”什么，因此用了helps to pull down。partition隔离墙。“隔膜”是解剖学词汇，这里用的是其引申意义，不能按字面译成diaphragm，那样意思就不对了。man and nature：man是指整个人类，所以不用任何冠词；nature则是不可数名词。

把风和太阳逗引进来，使屋子里也关着一部分春天  It leads breezes and sunlight in, and keeps part of the spring in the house

Lead：引导，引领。keep...inthe house：使停留在屋里不能外出。

让我们安坐了享受，无需再到外面去找 It allows one to sit and enjoy the spring in peace, and makes it unnecessary to go looking for it outside

原文是说“安坐”，而实际上“安”的意思也应当能涵盖“享受”，只是从词的节奏上感觉“安坐”和“享受”都是两个字的词，似乎是并列的。译文里译成了sit...in peace，等于将状语移了一个位。注意这句中几个it的含义，第一个it指代window，第二个it是形式宾语，引出后面的to go...，第三个it是指代the spring。

所以，门许我们追求，表示欲望，窗子许我们占领，表示享受。

The door, as a symbol of desires, allows one to pursue; the window, as a symbol of enjoyment, allows one to occupy.

这一整句实际上是一个排比句：门允许......，表示......；窗户允许......，表示......。这个结构应当在译文中体现出来。另外，这里将“允许......”和“表示......”理解成了“结果”和“原因”的关系，所以将语序都颠倒了一下。“表示”不是说看见门就如看见了“欲望”，而是说门是欲望的象征和代表，所以用symbol。

这个分别，不但是住在屋里的人的看法，有时也适用于屋外的来人。

This difference not only applies to those who live in the house, but also to those who come in from outside.

把这句话再译回中文，或许能帮助我们更好地理解原文：这个分别不但适用于住在屋里的人，而且也适用于屋外的来人。

一个外来者，打门请进，有所要求，有所询问，他至多是个客人，一切要等主人来决定。

When a stranger knocks on the door with demands or enquiries, he is at most a guest, and everything awaits the owner of the house for a decision.

外来者：stranger，意即不是屋里的住户。await和wait从意思上讲并没有什么区别，只是await是较正式的用法。这里用这个词是考虑到这篇文章文学色彩较明显，其实用wait for 也并没什么不可以的。

反过来说，一个钻窗子进来的人，不管是偷东西还是偷情，早已决心来替你做个暂时的主人，顾不到你的欢迎和拒绝了。

On the other hand, he who sneaks into the house through the window, whether intending to steal property or steal love, has already made up his mind to act, temporarily, as the owner. He has no time for your words of welcome or rejection.

“钻窗子”里的“钻”是偷偷摸摸地进入某处，所以译成了sneaks...through the window。中文说“偷东西”、“偷情”，英文也可以用steal来搭配property和love，正好做到了对等，但这种情况还是很少见的。“东西”译成property是因为偷总是要偷值钱一点的东西。原文的“欢迎”和“拒绝”还是要靠说来表示的，所以用了your words of welcome or rejection。

世界上的屋子全有门，而不开窗的屋子我们还看得到。

Despite the fact that every house in the world has a door, we still see houses that have no windows.

前半句也可以普通一点译成While every house in the world has a door，文中的译法则较为书面一点，两种译法可以说各有千秋。原文的后半句的语序有点特别，译文没有照办，而是加了still一词来补偿。“不开窗”是说建房的时候就没有留窗子，而不是说有窗子不开。

这指示出窗比门代表更高的人类进化阶段。

This indicates that the window represents a more advanced stage of evolution than the door does.

人类进化：因为门窗等均指人类居住环境中的事物，所以译为evolution，而没有说human evolution。the window：用window的单数加上定冠词the，表示抽象的窗，所有的窗。

门是住屋子者的需要，窗多少是一种奢侈。

Doors are a necessity, whereas windows are more or less a luxury.

这一句有是讲对比，用whereas来连接，表示这种对照。

屋子的本意，只像鸟窠兽窟，准备人回来过夜的，把门关上，算是保护。

Like birds' nests or beasts' dens, houses are essentially meant for man to dwell in, and doors are there for protection.

说是“屋子的本意”，实际上是说建房子的人的本意，译成houses are meant for...。

人：man。这是指抽象的人，而不是具体的哪一个人。dwell in：中文“过夜”其实就是说居住，并不单单是在夜晚。

但是墙上开了窗子，收入光明和空气，使我们白天不必到户外去，关了门也可生活。

Windows, however, take in light and air, enabling one to stay inside and live on--even if the doors are closed.

“墙上开了窗户”简化成了windows一个词。因为这里并不强调是哪里开了窗子，因此还是正常的墙上的窗子，没有必要硬将“墙上”译出。这句话的重点在“关了门也可以生活”上，所以译文用了一个破折号，以突出这一部分的意思。

屋子在人生里因此增添了意义，不只是避风雨、过夜的地方，并且有了陈设，挂着书画，是我们从早到晚思想、工作、娱乐、演出人生悲喜剧的场子。

So the house takes on a greater significance in man's life, for it is no longer just a shelter from winds and rains, nor is it just a place to spend the night. Furnished and decorated with pictures and scrolls of calligraphy, the house now serves as a place for man's thinking, working, and recreation, and also a stage on which the tragedies and comedies of life are performed.

中文里把“因此”放到句中间，但英文的连接词必须在句首，正好可用so来承上启下。由于在“......地方”后想断句，所以前面的语句就用了no longer...nor is it...的结构，使话说得重一点，这个句子就能扎扎实实地停下来，不让人觉得话没说完。“演出......的场子”较长，不好和前面的三个词并列，所以就单列出来，成了一个单独的带从句的短语。

门是人的进出口，窗可以说是天的进出口。

While doors are an entrance or exit for man, windows are an entrance or exit for the heavens.

这两句又是对比着说的，所以用了while这个连接词起句。entrance和exit既可指实际的出入口，也可指想象中的出入口，这句里前半句是实际，后半句则是想象。heavens：这个词是比较文学的用法，指上天、天空。

门的开关是由不得你的。但是窗呢？

Whether a door stays open or closed is not a matter of choice. But a window is a different matter.

“由不得你”中的“你”实际上是泛指所有人，不必译出。“但是窗呢？”这里没有译成问句，而是译成了一个陈述句，因为原文的问句意思也是与前半句相对的，用陈述句比较顺，否则突然冒出一个问句来，从英文的行文上来说，感觉比较突然。

你清早起来，只要把窗幕拉过一边，你就知道窗外有什么东西在招呼着你，是雪，是雾，是雨，还是好太阳，决定要不要开窗子。

When you get up in the morning and pull open the curtain, you know right away what it is that beckons to you from beyond--snow, fog, rain, or bright sunshine--and this determines whether or not you will open the window.

“清早起来”和“把窗幕拉过一边”是连续的两个动作，所以放到了一个when从句里。“你就......”说明“知道”的快慢，所以译文里用了right away这个词组。破折号中间的snow, fog, rain, or bright sunshine是what的具体说明。

上面说过窗子算得奢侈品，奢侈品原是在人看情形斟酌增减的。

A luxury, yes, but the existence of luxuries depends only on man's view of the circumstances he is in.

因为上句刚说了“窗子”，所以这里直接引出a luxury, yes就行，就不用把“上面......”再说一遍了。这一句前后两半句从意思上看是一种转折关系，可以用but表示。两个“奢侈品”意义不同：前一个是说窗子这个东西本身，是实际的事物；后一个则是泛指奢侈品，需要用复数形式。

眼睛是灵魂的窗户......They say that the eyes are the windows of the soul.

这句如果直接译成The eyes are the windows of the soul.那就把这句话当成了事实，而实际上这句话只是人们的一种比喻，所以说They say...

我们看见外界，同时也让人看到我们的内心；眼睛往往跟着心在转。

With the eyes we see the world, and at the same time they let others see our inner selves--the eyes communicate the movements and turnings of the heart.

由于意思上等于是前半句的说明，所以另起了一句。也因为这一点，译文加上了with the eyes。“外界”就是世界，我们自身以外的东西和他人。“眼睛往往跟着心在转”如果照字面译下来，可能让人不知所云，因此就意译了，意思就是说眼睛告诉人们你的心里在想什么。

我们跟带黑眼镜的人谈话，总觉得捉摸不住他的用意，彷佛他以假面具相对，就是为此。

That's why it's always difficult to figure out the intentions of someone wearing dark glasses. It seems as if we are talking to someone wearing dark glasses. It seems as if we are talking to someone wearing a mask.

“黑眼镜”不是black glasses，而是dark glasses，也就是sunglasses。

歌德恨一切带眼镜的人，说他们看得清楚他脸上的皱纹，但是他给他们的玻璃片耀得眼花缭乱，看不出他们的心境。

Goethe hated everyone with glasses, saying that they could see the wrinkles on his face, while the dazzling glare of their lenses would prevent him from seeing what was on in their minds.

中文用的动词多一些，英文则多用介词，因此中译英时需要将中文中的一些动词转换成介词。这里把“戴眼镜”译为with glasses，减掉了一个动词。下面“他脸上”译成英文时用了斜体的his，是为了和后面的their相对应，突出效果。配合while这个连接词，使“他们能看得清我，我却看不清他们”这样的想法更为突出。

窗子许里面人看出去，同时也许外面人看进来，所以在热闹地方住的人要用窗帘子，替他们私生活做个保障。

A window likewise allows those who are inside to see outside, and also allows outsiders to see inside. That is why those who live in bustling areas need to draw their curtains to protect their privacy.

“外面人”可以说outsider，但是“里面人”却不能说insider，因为这个词是“内部的人”、“知情的人”的意思，因此从用词上做不到对等。draw the curtain：拉上帘子。“拉开帘子”是open the curtain。

晚上访人，只要看窗里有无灯光，就约略可以猜到主人在不在家，不必打开了门再问......

When visiting friends at night, there's no need to wait until the door is opened to ask if they're at home. You only have to look at the windows to work out if they are there.

注意一下英文前一句中语序的调整，先说的是主要的意思there's no need to wait until the door is opened（不必打开了门再问），然后才说其他。原文中的“约略”的意思已经隐含于译文里的work out“猜出、猜到”中了。

好比不等人开口，从眼睛里看出他的心思。

Similarly, you don't need to wait for a man to open his mouth to work out what's on his mind--you can see that from his eyes.

这一句的句型实际上是前面句型的重复，——you can see that from his eyes的译法使这部分的分量加重了。

关窗的作用等于闭眼。Shutting a window works in the same way as closing one's eyes.

“作用”是说效果，不要译成role或function。works：“发生作用”。用shutting这个词是因为后面要用closing，避免了用词重复。

天地间有许多景象是要闭了眼才看得见的，譬如梦。There are many things that can be seen only with the eyes closed. Dreams, for instance.

中文说“天地间有......”，英文没有必要说between heaven and earth。“......是要......”是强调的说法，所以英文用only with...这样加强语气的说法。可以比较一下有和没有only的区别。

假使窗外的人声物态太嘈杂了，关了窗好让灵魂自由地去探胜，安静地默想。

 If outside there is too much noise and excitement, closing the window will make it easier for the soul to engage in free exploration and quiet contemplation.

“窗外”不必译成outside of the window，因为现在说的全都是窗里窗外的事，outside的意思不言自明。这里的excitement不是“激动”，而是指各种各样让人兴奋或不兴奋的活动，人们吵吵嚷嚷做的各种事情。“物态”则是指窗外的各种景致、事物，原文的“人”和“物”由noise和excitement代表或隐含了，而英文中的noise一词本来也有形容颜色过艳的用法。“探胜”和“默想”这两个动词在英文里都转换成了名词，这样处理的理由一个是按照英文的特点，不想用那么多的动词；再一个就是假如用了动词explore和contemplate，那么这两个词后面都需要加上宾语，加宾语一来颇费思量，不知道该加什么宾语好，二来原文没有宾语就等于没有限制，任何事物都可以包含在这个范围里，加上宾语就缩小了原文意思上所包含的范围，从翻译上讲就不等值了。

有时，关窗和闭眼也有连带关系，你觉得窗外的世界不过尔尔，并不能给予你什么满足，你想回到故乡，你要看见跟你分离的亲友，你只有睡觉，闭了眼向梦里寻去，于是你起来先关了窗。

Sometimes closing the eyes is connected to shutting the windows: when you feel that the world outside is so commonplace and unrewarding that you want to go back to your hometown and see relatives and friends from whom you have been long parted, all you have to do is shut the windows before you go to sleep, and close your eyes before you dream.

“亲友”即可理解为“亲人和朋友”，也可以是“亲戚和朋友”，译文就用了relatives and friends。so...that...表示的因果关系在原文中是隐含的，译文则表现在了形式上，这也是英文的特点之一。

因为只是春天，还留着残冷，窗子也不能整天整夜不关的。

But the windows still cannot be left open all day and all night long, since it is still spring, and still cold.

这句的译文又把语序颠倒了一下，先说结果，后说原因。原文说“整天整夜”是比较强调“不关”的连续性的，所以译文就说all day and all night long，不轻描淡写地仅仅说day and night，尽量做到语义上的相当。中文说“不关”，英文不能说not closed，所以译成left open。“残冷”可以理解为“仍然寒冷”，译文就是still cold。

 

 

摘自http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_486c0f67010093hi.html